The chemical composition of modern brake fluids is of such a nature that small amounts of moisture (less than 0,2%) do not adversely affect functionality. However, these fluids are hygroscopic and therefore absorb atmospheric moisture easily. This additional contamination then lowers the boiling point to a level where vapour can form during normal operation resulting in braking degradation. Additionally, electrochemical reactions make the brake fluid acidic leading to corrosion and ultimate failure. Preventive measures should therefore be implemented during the motor vehicle life-cycle, as follows:
* The moisture content of the brake fluid should be determined when the system is initially filled.
* Periodic testing should be conducted to determine any abnormal increase in moisture content.
* The system should be completely flushed every two years. (Refills should preferably be conducted such that the new fluid is not exposed to the atmosphere.)
To this end, mobile in-line transmission photometers offer an edge over traditional laboratory methods by eliminating the need for sampling. During filling this prevents unnecessary exposure to the atmosphere and reduces the contamination risk.
The technology is based on the characteristics of infrared (IR) absorption by water. When illuminated by IR radiation, in an appropriate test pipe, the fluid under scrutiny absorbs energy in proportion to its moisture content. This causes a spectral shift that can be compared to a reference, and the deviation is an indication of the current level of contamination.
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